Operators

Operators

What is an operator ?

Simple answer can be given using expression 4+5. Here “4”and “5” are called operands and “+” is called operator. Python language supports

following type of operators,

·       Arithmetic Operators

·       Comparison (ie Relational) Operators

·       Assignment Operators

·       Logical Operators

·       Bitwise Operators

·       Membership Operators

·       Identity Operators

Python Arithmetic Operators :-

Addition (+):    Adds values in either side of operator

Ex:- Assume a=5 and b=8,

                        a + b = 13

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

Subtraction (-):     Subtract values in either side of operator

Ex:- Assume a=5 and b=8,

                        a - b = -3

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

Multiplication (*):      Multiplies values on either side of the operator

Ex:- Assume a=5 and b=8,

                        a * b = 40

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

 



Division (/):      Divides left hand operand by right hand operand

Ex:- Assume a=16 and b=8,

                        a / b = 2

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

Modulus (%):     Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder

Ex:- Assume a=16 and b=8,

                        a % b = 0

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

Exponent (**):     Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators

Ex:- Assume a=2 and b=3,

                        a ** b = 8

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

Floor Division (//):     The division of operands where the result is the quotient in which the digits after the decimal point are removed.

Ex:- Assume a=25.0 and b=2.0,

                        a / b = 12.5

            but,

                        a // b =12.0

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python 

 

Python Comparison Operators :-

( == ) :    Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.

Ex:-     (i) Assume a=5 and b=8,

                        a==b

                        result : False

            (ii) Assume a=5 and b=5,

                        a==b

                        result : True

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

 ( != ) :    Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.

Ex:-     (i) Assume a=5 and b=8,

                        a!=b

                        result : True

            (ii) Assume a=5 and b=5,

                        a!=b

                        result : False

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

( <> ) :    Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. This is similar to “ != ” operator.

 Ex:-    (i) Assume a=5 and b=8,

                        a<>b

                        result : True

            (ii) Assume a=5 and b=5,

                        a<>b

                        result : False

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

( > ) :    Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

Ex:-     (i) Assume a=5 and b=8,

                        a>b

                        result : False

            (ii) Assume a=10 and b=5,

                        a>b

                        result : True

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

( < ) :    Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

( >= ) :    Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

Ex:-     (i) Assume a=5 and b=8,

                        a>=b

                        result : False

            (ii) Assume a=5 and b=5,

                        a>=b

                        result : True

            (iii) Assume a=10 and b=5,

                        a>=b

                        result : True

Now we consider,

                        How we perform this expression in python

( <= ) :    Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

Python Assignment Operators :-

( = ) :    Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand

Ex:-     Assume a=5 and b=3

                         

                        c = a + b

                        now,  c = 8

( += ) : Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. c += a is equivalent to c = c + a

Ex:-     Assume a=5 and b=3

                        a = a +b

                        Now, a=8

            Or

                        a += b

                        Now, a=8

( -= ) :      c -= a is equivalent to c = c – a

( /= ) :      c /= a is equivalent to c = c / a

( %= ) :      c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a

( **= ) :      c **= a is equivalent to c = c ** a

( //= ) :      c //= a is equivalent to c = c // a

Python Bitwise Operators :-

Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit by bit operation.

Assume if a = 60; and b = 13;

Now in binary format

they will be as follows:

a = 0011 1100

b = 0000 1101

( & ) : Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.

a & b = 0000 1100

Decimal value = 12

( | ) : Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.

a | b = 0011 1101

Decimal value = 61

 

( ^ ) : Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.

a ^ b = 0011 0001

Decimal value = 49

( ~ ) : Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the efect of 'flipping' bits.

~a = 1100 0011

Decimal value = -61

 

( << ) : Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

a<<2 = 1111 0000

Decimal value = 240 

 

( >> ) : Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

a>>2 = 0000 1111

Decimal value = 15